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Petroleum products are usually grouped into three categories: light distillates
(LPG, gasoline, naphtha), middle distillates (kerosene, diesel), heavy distillates
and residuum (heavy fuel oil, lubricating oils, wax, asphalt). This classification
is based on the way crude oil is distilled and separated into fractions (called
distillates and residuum).
Liquid petroleum gas (LPG)
Gasoline (also known as petrol)
Naphtha
Kerosene and related jet aircraft fuels
Diesel fuel
Fuel oils
Lubricating oils
Paraffin wax
Asphalt and tar
Petroleum coke
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Materials Characterization – such as diffraction with x-rays , electrons , or neutrons
, and various forms of spectroscopy and chemical analysis such as Molecular spectroscopy
, energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS), Surface analysis, thermal analysis
etc., in order to understand and define the properties of materials.
Surface science/Catalysis – interactions and structures between solid-gas solid-liquid
or solid-solid interfaces.
Ceramography – the study of the microstructures of high-temperature materials and
refractories , including structural ceramics such as RCC , polycrystalline silicon
carbide and transformation toughened ceramics.
Non-destructive testing - use of electromagnetic radiation ( x-rays) sound (ultrasonic)
and inherent properties of materials to examine samples.
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Hazardous materials or HazMat ("HazMat teams" are personnel specially trained to
handle dangerous goods), are solids , liquids , or gases that can harm people, other
living organisms , property, or the environment. They are often subject to chemical
regulations.
Dangerous goods include materials that are radioactive , flammable , explosive ,
corrosive , oxidizing , asphyxiating , biohazardous , toxic , pathogenic , or allergenic
.
Also included are physical conditions such as compressed gases and liquids or hot
materials, including all goods containing such materials or chemicals, or may have
other characteristics that render them hazardous in specific circumstances.
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